This example describes how to connect to a cluster using a Python client, and use the Python producer and consumer to produce and consume messages to and from a topic. The Python client supports connecting to a StreamNative cluster using either OAuth2 or API Keys authentication.
This document assumes that you have created a StreamNative cluster and a service account, and have granted the service account produce and consume permissions to the namespace for the target topic.

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Prerequisites

Install both Python 3.0 or higher versions and the Pulsar Python client. You can use the following command to install the Pulsar Python client: 
python -m pip install pulsar-client

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Connect to your cluster using API keys

To connect a StreamNative cluster using API keys, follow these steps.

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Step 1: Get the broker service URL of your cluster

To get the service URL(s) of a StreamNative cluster, follow these steps.
  1. Navigate to the Cluster Dashboard page by switching to the cluster workspace.
  2. On the Cluster Dashboard page, click Details tab.
  3. You will see the available service URLs in the Access Points area.
  4. You can click Copy at the end of the row of the service URL that you want to use.

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Step 2: Create an API key of your service account

Before using an API key, verify that the service account is authorized to access the resources, such as tenants, namespaces, and topics.
You can follow the instructions to create an API key for the service account you choose to use.

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Step 3: Connect to your cluster

For a complete example of how to connect to a cluster using the Pulsar Python client, see Python client examples.

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Create a Python consumer to consume messages

You can create and configure a Python consumer to consume messages using Token authentication as follows. For more information about the placeholders in the code sample, see parameters for Token authentication. 
import pulsar

client = pulsar.Client("${brokerServiceURL}", authentication=pulsar.AuthenticationToken("${apikey}"))

consumer = client.subscribe("persistent://${tenant}/${namespace}/${topic}", "${subscription}",initial_position=pulsar.InitialPosition.Earliest)

for i in range(10):
    msg = consumer.receive()
    try:
        print("Received message '{}' id='{}'".format(msg.data().decode('utf-8'), msg.message_id()))
        consumer.acknowledge(msg)
    except Exception:
        consumer.negative_acknowledge(msg)

client.close()

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Create a Python producer to produce messages

You can create and configure a Python producer to produce messages using Token authentication as follows. For more information about the placeholders in the code sample, see parameters for Token authentication. 
import pulsar

client = pulsar.Client("${brokerServiceURL}",
                authentication=pulsar.AuthenticationToken("${apikey}"))

producer = client.create_producer("persistent://${tenant}/${namespace}/${topic}")

for i in range(10):
    producer.send(('Hello-%d' % i).encode('utf-8'))

client.close()

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Parameters for Token authentication

  • ${brokerServiceURL}: the broker service URL of your StreamNative cluster.
  • ${apikey}: an API key of your service account.
  • ${tenant}/${namespace}/${topic}: the full name of the topic for message production & consumption. It is a combination of the tenant name, the namespace name and the topic name.
  • ${subscription}: the name of the subscription that will determine how messages are delivered.

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Connect to your cluster using OAuth2 authentication

To connect a StreamNative cluster using OAuth2 authentication, follow these steps.

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Step 1: Get the broker service URL of your cluster

To get the service URL(s) of a StreamNative cluster, follow these steps.
  1. Navigate to the Cluster Dashboard page by switching to the cluster workspace.
  2. On the Cluster Dashboard page, click Details tab.
  3. You will see the available service URLs in the Access Points area.
  4. You can click Copy at the end of the row of the service URL that you want to use.

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Step 2: Get the OAuth2 credential file of your service account

To get an OAuth2 credential file of a service account through the StreamNative Console, follow these steps.
  1. On the left navigation pane, click Service Accounts.
  2. In the row of the service account you want to use, in the Key File column, click the Download icon to download the OAuth2 credential file to your local directory. The OAuth2 credential file should be something like this: 
    {
  "type": "SN_SERVICE_ACCOUNT",
  "client_id": "CLIENT_ID",
  "client_secret": "CLIENT_SECRET",
  "client_email": "test@auth.streamnative.cloud",
  "issuer_url": "https://auth.streamnative.cloud"
}

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Step 3: Connect to your cluster

For a complete example of how to connect to a cluster through the Pulsar Python client, see Python client examples.

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Create a Python consumer to consume messages

You can create and configure a Python consumer to consume messages using the OAuth2 credential file as follows. For more information about the placeholders in the code sample, see parameters for OAuth2 authentication. 
import pulsar

params = '''
{
   "issuer_url": "https://auth.streamnative.cloud/",
   "private_key": "/YOUR-KEY-FILE-PATH", // Absolute path of your downloaded key file. Dont forget to remove this comment on the code
   "audience": "urn:sn:pulsar:${orgName}:${instanceName}"
}
'''

client = pulsar.Client("${brokerServiceURL}", authentication=pulsar.AuthenticationOauth2(params))

consumer = client.subscribe("persistent://${tenant}/${namespace}/${topic}", "${subscription}",initial_position=pulsar.InitialPosition.Earliest)

for i in range(10):
   msg = consumer.receive()
   try:
      print("Received message '{}' id='{}'".format(msg.data().decode('utf-8'), msg.message_id()))
      consumer.acknowledge(msg)
   except Exception:
      consumer.negative_acknowledge(msg)

client.close()

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Create a Python producer to produce messages

You can create and configure a Python producer to produce messages using the OAuth2 credential file as follows. For more information about the placeholders in the code sample, see parameters for OAuth2 authentication. 
import pulsar

params = '''
{
   "issuer_url": "https://auth.streamnative.cloud/",
   "private_key": "/YOUR-KEY-FILE-PATH", // Absolute path of your downloaded key file
   "audience": "urn:sn:pulsar:${orgName}:${instanceName}"
}
'''

client = pulsar.Client("${brokerServiceURL}", authentication=pulsar.AuthenticationOauth2(params))

producer = client.create_producer("persistent://${tenant}/${namespace}/${topic}")

for i in range(10):
   producer.send(('Hello-%d' % i).encode('utf-8'))

client.close()

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Parameters for OAuth2 authentication

  • private_key: your downloaded OAuth2 credential. This parameter supports the following two pattern formats:
    • file:///path/to/file: the path to your downloaded OAuth2 credential file.
    • data:application/json;base64,<base64-encoded value>: the credential file content encoded into Base64 format.
  • audience: the Uniform Resource Name (URN), which is a combination of the urn:sn:pulsar, your organization name, and your Pulsar instance name.
  • ${brokerServiceURL}: the broker service URL of your StreamNative cluster.
  • ${tenant}/${namespace}/${topic}: the full name of the topic for message production & consumption. It is a combination of the tenant name, the namespace name and the topic name.
  • ${subscription}: the name of the subscription that will determine how messages are delivered.